Tuesday, December 22, 2009

不堪一击

百忍不成金, 不足为奇.
吃硬不吃软, 不学无识.

如果一個油田發生意外或人為的著火燃燒,要滅火的話請問要用什麼方法?
「地獄戰士」是油田發生大火時的緊急部隊,是滅火專家,自稱為「地獄戰士」其來有自,因為油田如果發生火災,附近的溫度高達攝氏400度,有如煉獄。雖然他們每天的薪水高達4萬台幣,但是一個異常辛苦又危險的工作,每天工作10小時,卻需要忍受高溫與危險,每天也需要喝20公升的水來降溫。
中東地區由於戰亂不斷,油田常常遭到人為縱火,因此這類的滅火公司應運而生,而且他們大都來自也產石油、滅火經驗豐富的美國德州。在攝氏400度的高溫下,被稱為「地獄戰士」的滅火專家如何將油田大火消滅。以下是幾種常用之油田滅火方式,僅供參考!
1.冷卻牆油井滅火法:
油田起大火,究竟要如何滅火呢?滅火公司說,首先要用水設立一個冷卻牆,人才能靠近火源,才能夠將溫度高達400度的火場降溫到攝氏80度左右。水柱必須每秒噴出6公升的水才能降溫,由於地面的溫度也非常高,因此像這樣的火場水柱,必須噴灑連續2到3個月,可想而知需要的用水量有多大。如果沒有自來水,滅火公司就會見地取材,用海水來滅火。設立了強力水牆之後,方法之一就是需要用一個大柱子,把火罩住,讓火苗只在柱子口燃燒,再設法滅火。
2.移動鍋蓋油田滅火法:    
移動鍋蓋是 撲滅油田大火的一種方法。先在火源周圍打一圈圍堰,再移動一個拼剛性遮罩物至圍堰上方,使之基本密貼,形成隔絕助燃的新鮮空氣的基本封閉系統,將大火窒熄 在系統內,利用隔絕助燃的新鮮空氣的原理,類似家庭主婦用鍋蓋撲滅油鍋著火的方法來撲滅油田大火。本方法簡便、安全、經濟、迅速。
3.煙斗油井滅火法:    
煙斗油井滅 火法,也是撲滅油井火災的一種方法。將一煙斗狀氣密容器,開口朝下扣在油井周圍,並使其沈入原地面,使石油不外泄在著火油井周圍,而通過管道將未燃燒的石 油輸向其他地方。並使容器記憶體在的氧氣在燃燒中耗盡而得不到補充。通過上述途徑控制著火油井的燃料和助燃劑。來撲滅大火的方向謂之煙斗油井滅火法。 
4.傳統的炸藥油井滅火法:
讓炸開的砂土、淤泥和混凝土,加上瞬間吸收到週間之氧氣將火熄滅,雖然方法老舊,但是只要有效,滅火公司仍然樂於採用

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